AdminAuth::changeIdentifier() registers two routes. Register them in an authenticated group, and enable OTP codes.
routes/api.php
  1. The app sends the new value, e.g. {"verificator": "phone", "phone": "+421900123456"}. It is validated with the rules of the field in the user model, so the uniqueness rule applies. The code is valid for 60 minutes.
  2. The app sends the code. The new value is saved only when no other account took it in the meantime.

Customizing the controller

app/Http/Controllers/Auth/IdentifierController.php
Change the success message with getIdentifierChangedMessage($field).